Frank Lloyd Wright The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
1943-1959
New York
The museum was commissioned by the collector and patron Robert Solomon Guggenheim and Wright probably, in the project, moved observation of a shell.
However, the museum is built around a large spiral ramp that makes the exhibition is linear and continuous, a walk that winds in front of the works and which denies the classical division into salt.
The light comes from above, from both large glass dome that dominates the large space, either by striking fissures that create the spiral structure of the upper protruding on the bottom.
The works are illuminated by a diffused light reflected from the curved surfaces and white, which gives a sense of naturalness and the whole environment that enhances the sinuous forms.
"the interior is so sweet proportionate - explains Wright himself - you feel an impression of extreme relaxation, similar to that produced by a wave of calm, that never breaks nor offers resistance or limit vision "
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ACT Architecture - Game Aulenti Musée d'Orsay
1978-1986
Paris
The old Gare d'Orsay , one of the most important railway stations Paris was built in 1900 and designed by Victor Laloux (1850-1937) in steel, glass and cast iron.
already fallen into disuse in 1939, was placed under the protection of Fine Arts in 1978 and converted into a museum.
The Italian architect Game Aulenti, who redesigned the interior and exhibition organized the exhibition, chose not to overlap your architecture to the original, but to interact, allowing visibility of the building Laloux and giving rise to a number of routes and levels of independence.
The study of light is scrupulous.
lighting comes from skylights and a series of vertical baffles suspended from acting simultaneously shielding of direct light and reflective element.
The light then penetrates the halls widely and is complemented by a system of artificial lighting.
latter, located at a considerable distance from the works, is designed to avoid the annoying effect of point light.
> http://www.illuminoso.info/museod 'orsay.htm
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Rafael Moneo
New Prado
1997-2007
Madrid
The Museo del Prado was born at the behest of King Ferdinand VII of Bourbon (1808-1833) and was housed in the magnificent palace that was built from 1785 by Charles III to house the Museum of Natural Science.
The aim was to bring together in one venue all the art treasures of the Crown, including the paintings of the greatest English painter Francisco Goya.
The huge body of work amassed in the deposits required, however, after a century and a half, a careful reorganization of the seat and above a significant expansion.
Moneo's intervention has substantially increased the space, recovering the ancient cloister of the monastery adjacent wing and also created a large temporary exhibition.
Light enters through skylights and large glass sinks in the middle of the salt and light works extensively, but never directly. A large room is then derived from the cloister, closing with a glass roof and converting it from outer space to inner space.
> http://www.repubblica.it/2007/10/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/prado/prado/prado.html
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Moshe Safdie and Associates
Skirball Cultural Center Santa Monica Hills
The Cultural Center is composed of a series of independent buildings (an auditorium, an outdoor theater , a research center and exhibition) organized around a single location. E 'highly original revival of the ancient and classical architectural forms (esedre, courtyards like cloisters, towers) in language and modern materials, with a charming mixture of familiarity and formal invention.
What then leaps to the eye is the strong link between internal and external through a multitude of courtyards and gardens bordered by windows.
The only areas not to have direct contact with the outside are just the exhibition halls, illuminated by a simple, yet effective, studied in section and taken from the Byzantine-Romanesque churches.
Each room is covered by two layers, interrupted near the ridge to allow for a time close slightly higher. A strip windows let in light and this, reflecting first on the opposite wall and then on the curved surface of the ceiling, is scattered down on the exhibits. The two long sides of the rooms are glazed, but the direct light is shielded by a continuous septum.
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Charles Rose Architects
Florida Gulf Coast Art Center
Clearwater (Florida)
This art center is designed to house the exhibition halls and teaching spaces and is built around two public elements: the large steel column and the bridge to Heritage Village, an outdoor museum.
complex - consisting of an auditorium, library, cafeteria, sculpture garden and galleries - is in constant dialogue with the outside and the buildings fit into the green as simple geometric blocks.
The lighting of the rooms is almost exclusively from above, through the imposing fireplace as wide as the building, taking the side of light, reflect it on the large stucco surface and spread downward in a very indirect. The same polished concrete floor contributes actively reflect light.
The lighting is then integrated by a system of spotlights placed at a considerable distance from the works, so as to maintain the effect of diffuse light and avoid glare.
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Rafael Moneo, Kendall / Heaton Associates
The Audrey Jones Beck Building - Museum of Fine Arts
Houston (Texas)
The Law Building was constructed in 1924, expanded to a design by Mies Van der Rohe from 1958 to 1974 and further enriched with a Garden Sculpture by Isamu Noguchi in 1986.
The new extension, which became necessary as more exhibition spaces, offices, workshops and car parks, is as clear a block of stone, shaped by the rigid and solid surface.
lighting is in fact totally entrusted to skylights, with forms and different solutions depending on the environment, the amount of light required and the need for filtering or not.
The entrance with double staircase, is emerging as a large and airy space flooded with light through a thick sequence of repeated and skylights, as in the Florida Gulf Coast Art Center, take the light side and the mirror inside, reflecting on the white walls.
The showrooms have also lined up a series of skylights that bring light directly from the percent of the ceiling, but they are shielded by small vertical baffles that increase the reflective surface. The paintings are placed at a considerable distance from the light source and a set of artificial points of light shines on them individually.
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Busmann & Peter Godfried Haberer
Wallraf-Richartz Museum Ludwig
with the Philharmonic
1975-1986
Cologne
The building stands in the Cologne's most monumental, along the footpath that stretches from the banks of the Rhine to the Gothic cathedral, and is designed to accommodate the collections of two museums, plus the system of services for the public, a multipurpose room and a foyer.
Everything revolves around the staircase and the building is characterized by a marked repetition rest in form, in dialogue with the formal rigor of the cathedral.
The main theme of this museum is its light, filtered by a high number of shed specifically designed for the best yield.
The section is a combination of a circle and a square, the light floods in through the glass tilted, curved surface and is reflected in the rain to the 'internal', with a very natural way. The artificial lighting, reduced to its essentials, has a marginal role.
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James Stirling, Michael Wilford & Associates
Clore Gallery and the Tate Gallery extension
1980-1987
London
The expansion of the Tate Gallery is designed specifically to house the collection of paintings and watercolors by John Turner.
The building is characterized by compositional and functional autonomy, even though it follows the traditional structure of the museum of the nineteenth century.
both outside and inside there is a desire to give importance to color, with a careful study of the varied and wall surfaces (treated with different textures and bright colors) and with steel frames and finished with enamel shades lit.
The lighting system is highly sophisticated, Joint - based on the mixture of natural light and artificial light - and equipped with sensors and computerized systems to maintain constant light intensity and changes to internal and external. The visibility of the panels remains the same throughout the day, but the viewer is denied the ability to perceive light outside, and then seizing the day progressed and the various phases of the day.
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Renzo Piano Menil Collection
1981-1987
Houston
The Menil Collection is located in a residential neighborhood consisting of single-family homes in Houston and this takes the form of horizontal roof in an attempt to integrate visually in context.
The choice of materials for the exterior finish is rational in that context.
The image is of a domestic space, deliberately anti-monumental.
The interior is divided into two sections: one used in laboratories, offices and warehouses, the other used as exhibition space, divided into primitive art, contemporary art, modern painting and sculpture.
The essential element of the museum consists of the prefabricated ferrocement panels, repeated three hundred times and designed to ensure maximum contribution possible light. These panels are mounted on a lightweight cover, the surface treatment which allows the reflection of light on both sides.
The brightness is given by the white walls and dark wood floor and this gives the building a unique character and prestige.
The ten thousand works of art are displayed in rotation for one month a year, while the remaining eleven are kept in storage under the strict control of moisture and light.
> http://www.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/powerhouse/db/248, id_19, s_Papers.fb15
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Richard Meier & Partners Architects
Ara Pacis Museum
2006
Rome
Finally a building in Italy, the new Museum of ' Ara Pacis in Rome.
The first museum was opened in 1938 and it was a very special exhibition space: it housed a collection of works of art, but one big jewel, the altar built by Augustus to commemorate their businesses to the north of the Alps between 16 and 13 BC
The discovery of the artifact had occurred randomly in the sixteenth century, but the recovery and reassembly of the fragments was only possible in the first decades of the twentieth century, placing the altar in a pavilion specially built along the Tiber.
During the Second World War the hall was partially dismantled and the altar, protected by sacks of pozzolana and then with a shield wall, remaining in this state until 1970.
The New Acropolis Museum designed by Meier has a system much more airy.
is accessed by a dim light environment in which you do not have a view on the altar, then to enter the spacious dining room window in which the monument is bathed in natural light. A third room contains the fragments not relocated in the reconstruction and relief some of the 'Ara pietatis .
The glass shell has been studied carefully to avoid the 'cage effect "of a lattice structural and too dense to filter light, while maintaining its naturalness.
This is an envelope of 1500 square meters of tempered glass, two layers thick with a gap of 12 mm and argon gas with a layer of noble metal ions to the filtering of light, composed of large sheets up to three meters five.
This system, in addition to filtering radizione solar, also meets the requirements of transparency, sound absorption and thermal insulation.
> http://www.arapacis.it/sede/il_progetto_meier
The classic is the red one, which I use frequently during the winter in lakes for trout, together with a flag on the final usage slowly with long pauses.
river many times is critical when you are snubbed fish imitations.
and .... People of marine fishing for mullet ... .. and you'll know about this subject to say more this summer after my return. Hello
Le mie preferite..
After climbing. ... Start the fight. ... And the tension is mounting
Piano… piano si stanca….la moschino nonetheless done its duty.
They are, as the name implies the indicators to be affixed to the final, essentially of two types, with elastic foam in the middle to block or paste which hardens in contact with water.
.... ... Slowly. Tired you bring to the bank ...
forgot ... In the end ... we welcome the photographed.